1. Touch device users, explore by touch or with swipe gestures. to fish for something, as with a fishhook and line. News, articles, personal pictures, videos & advice on everything related to…Yo I can chime in on this as a local to the situation; african refugees are unfortunately committing crime like crazy due to zero repercussions relative to the regular population (never prosecuted/always released on free bail) and so there has been a HUGE increase in petty crime harming primarily local residents and small business owners. (lower impacts when angling up, and upper impacts when angling down)Plank: 3 sets for 30 seconds. The place to come and discuss vegan fitness, bodybuilding, and health. Marissa Andrews (#9 Wellness at Mr. I look way to big. Barack Obama casting for trout on the East Gallatin River near Belgrade, Montana. Sept 30th. Reply. Redirecting to /r/bodybuilding/comments/7dqe9y/markus_ruehl_and_roelly_outangling_each_other/dpztt2u/. out angling is just getting a better angle for a shot than someone else in the picture who you might not actually be bigger than but in that picture definitely look it, e. 1186/1550-2783-11-20. Outangling. 1. Evidence-based recommendations for natural bodybuilding contest preparation: nutrition and supplementation. ) 7. One your last rep, finish by holding the dumbbells out so they pull your arms down toward the floor a couple inches, stretching your. 297lbs vs. . First pick after a refeed day second is the morning after weight 211lbs 12 days out from show hoping to tighten everything up currently taking in 1 - 1. Dumbbell Lateral Raise. You should never rely on your appetite, as you’ll have to eat more than you. Redirecting to /r/bodybuilding/comments/7dqe9y/markus_ruehl_and_roelly_outangling_each_other/dq0008k/. This is just surreal. The Goal of This Natural Bodybuilding Guide. Background Context. @jakethorfitness out angling me hard here. 245 votes, 40 comments. Definition of angling in the Idioms Dictionary. They may be there, but they're going to be hidden by fat. But it is remarkably odd that it exists as a sport/activity where the best in the world, except for a few days in the entire year, are overshadowed by far inferior. This subreddit keeps track of submissions that moderators remove from the top 1000 in /r/all, excluding. This year’s competition, which took place from March 2-5, saw seven divisions battle for gold in Columbus, Ohio. 50 each. Casting (fishing) A fly fisherman casting his lure on Soca River, Slovenia. 2. News, articles, personal pictures, videos & advice on everything related to…Aug 6, 2017 - News, articles, personal pictures, videos & advice on everything related to bodybuilding - nutrition, supplementation, training, contest. Shawn Rhoden. This perspective has been dubbed “Orthotropics. Redirecting to /r/bodybuilding/comments/4jfm0n/bradly_martyn_completely_outangling_himself/d36eg8j/. Haha I look like a Russian hitman when I do. When you complete the final two reps, superset with 10 cable chest presses. When you’re looking to achieve muscle gain and strength during a bulking phase, a protein intake of 1. News, articles, personal pictures, videos & advice on everything related to bodybuilding - nutrition…News, articles, personal pictures, videos & advice on everything related to bodybuilding - nutrition, supplementation, training, contest preparation, and more. "Even if you don't measure it out to the gram, the lesson here is that as you age, you need more protein," Layne Norton, Ph. She is just angling for a larger settlement from her former employer. 2,858 likes, 14 comments - adnan. You never do anything out of the goodness of your heart, so why are you here? What's your. I'm really 6'2 but dude was mogging. More for You Out-angling is positioning yourself in such a way that you make yourself look bigger than the person you're taking the photo with, particularly if you're actually smaller than they are. 2. Redirecting to /r/bodybuilding/comments/42o36x/theres_no_outangling_bradley_martyn_im_57_230lbs/czbznt0/. Gain Knowledge and Use Your Instinct. If you have ever watched a bodybuilding show or seen photos of bodybuilders just before, during, or after a contest, you’d know they look nothing like an average human—in a good way. However, many of these types of products contain harmful ingredients. " Something went wrong. While bodybuilding and powerlifting can be done for competitions, they are. He retired because he was getting acting roles and Directors didn't want him so big. 005-inch clear plastic into the punch-and-die set. News, articles, personal pictures, videos & advice on everything related to… 41 votes, 31 comments. When autocomplete results are available use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. Pinterest. Target: 2,500 calories, 218 g carbs, 218 g protein, 83 g fat. When taking Nolvadex for PCT, let’s see what effects of Tamoxifen you will be likely to experience: Anti-estrogenic effect (blocking of estrogenic side effects) Splitting of adipose tissue (reducing fat retention) Prevention of cardiovascular disease. Some bodybuilders and athletes use dietary supplements to try to improve their strength, muscle mass, and energy. 9M subscribers in the bodybuilding community. lam angling for whatever I can catch. 9M subscribers in the bodybuilding community. "People don't always associate bodybuilding with beauty. While bodybuilding is primarily focused on aesthetics, muscle growth (hypertrophy), and symmetry, the intent of powerlifting is to gain maximum strength in the squat, bench press, and deadlift. #backandbis #curls #vegan. 2K likes, 36 comments, 110 shares, Facebook Reels from Bahij Kaddoura Comedy: Bodybuilder out-angling problems . Meal 2: 150g chicken or fish, with ½ cup oats, 2. doi: 10. Today. News, articles, personal pictures, videos & advice on everything related to…61 votes, 19 comments. 4. News, articles, personal pictures, videos & advice on everything related to…Single-Arm Cable Fly. ago. The 2023 Arnold Classic was the second-most prestigious bodybuilding competition on the IFBB Pro League calendar. News, articles, personal pictures, videos & advice on everything related to…109 votes, 42 comments. 58 votes, 30 comments. We provide the technology, tools and products you need to burn fat, build muscle and become your best self. Sure, bodybuilders in the Golden Era also had to build quality muscle mass, but they also. 1. This no-weight workout program designed by elite strength and muscle coach Paul Carter will build muscle and strength using timeless exercises, but in tough protocols that will test you—and help you hold onto gains while at home. 58 votes, 30 comments. Mooky has seen a surge of online followers in the recent years. Knee angling. There is a $1 agent fee (added to the cost of the license) associated with each license or stamp sold, including some free licenses. 1) Register in the PBC program. Explore. Aim for 1-2 pounds of loss each week, but not much more. Fred was angling for a big bass. 1. Focus on basic, compound movements and straight sets in the 8-10 rep range. Start slowly and gradually increase. 3kg 177. What does angling expression mean? Definitions by the largest Idiom Dictionary. I actually googled it a bit and it turns out angling was mentioned in German training books, but most likely rarely used for multiple reasons. 9M subscribers in the bodybuilding community. I won't say there's something seriously wrong with bodybuilding, because that depends on your point of view. Again, unfortunately, the Jeaneau is just outside our budget. 2,273 likes, 60 comments - new. Watch. Side Bend: 2 x 10. MEN'S DIVISIONS. Lit. Though he stopped competing in 2013, he still maintains a physique that is invariably large. Follow a balanced nutrition plan with consistent eating habits, and track your calorie and protein intake, at least at first. 9M subscribers in the bodybuilding community. News, articles, personal pictures, videos & advice on everything related to…2. November 6, 2021 – The day the bodybuilding and fitness world was jolted by pro bodybuilder and 2018 Mr. The two main kinds of lumbar benches are the. There are nearly 60 sports, including some unique ones such as angling, bodybuilding, corn hole, crossfit, darts, flag football, pickleball, dodgeball, wrist-wrestling and 10-pin bowling. I think a lot of people would rather laugh at a terrible out angling attempt than get angry at it. A trainer at the place where Arrington works out told Guinness that they “see Jim almost every day” and that he “does more than a good 60% of my clients or anybody that comes into this gym. Out angling the competition at the end of the set. to fish for something, as with a fishhook and line. Baobaabe 6~ weeks out from my first NPC show 2. ×. News, articles, personal pictures, videos & advice on everything related to bodybuilding - nutrition…Luimarco is Loyal !ross bugden soundtrackArnold only did bodybuilding to further his career in acting. There are nearly 60 sports, including some unique ones such as angling, bodybuilding, corn hole, crossfit, darts, flag football, pickleball, dodgeball, wrist-wrestling and 10-pin bowling. 2. 9M subscribers in the bodybuilding community. Calf Raise: 2 x 10. teemo on July 25, 2021: "*exams around the corner and still out-angling everything in sight — How is my cut structured?. Grab a straight bar, not an EZ curl bar, with a supinated grip and use a full range of motion. Since the muscle crosses both joints, closing the joint angle will slacken the tissue. Lateral Raise: 2 x 15. " Related: 30 Bodybuilding Videos that Will Blow Your Mind 1. Two dudes taking a photo together might mean the weaker dude looks better just because he "out angled" the more fit dude. Add 1-2 weeks for any major foreseeable obstacles. Not saying it had a direct effect on his death but probably was brutal on his insides. Over six weeks, your workout volume and schedule will fluctuate strategically to utilize the scientific principles of gene activation, periodization, and controlled. I joined my first gym with my mom at age 11 and always enjoyed moving my body, but at 17, I became obsessive. There are no two ways about it, if you want to train like an athlete but grow like a bodybuilder, you need to progressively overload some sort of push, pull, squat, hinge, carry, and lunge variation. Sometimes there is talks with other vegans on topics relating to veganism, and there are livestreams on topics related to the. Limit any extracurricular physical activity, and rest as much as possible. Stimulation of the production of testosterone. Bahij Kaddoura Comedy · Original audioby Jolie Johnson. Additional comment actions Additional comment actions Additional comment actions Additional comment actions. 5K votes, 116 comments. 5” probably like 15% bodyfatDec 2, 2016 - News, articles, personal pictures, videos & advice on everything related to bodybuilding - nutrition, supplementation, training, contest. Coach’s Tip: If you don’t need machine assistance to perform pull-ups, work with. 1st of 8 sets of 3 with 370. 3M subscribers in the bodybuilding community. (Kg of skeletal muscle converted into hg; 1 kg equal 1000grams, 1 hg equal 100grams) 2) hg 450 x 4 = 1800 grams (total muscular glycogen content) (the number 4 stands for the maximum glycogen content per 100 grams of muscle tissue) 3) 1800 grams x 2. News, articles, personal pictures, videos & advice on everything related to… In the bodybuilding community, Golias' pose is known as an "outangle," and it's exactly what it sounds like: the act of positioning your body in just the right way to work all the right angles,. Best Fat Burner for Bodybuilders: Jacked Factory Burn XT. Use it: Perform 8 to 12 reps of the dumbbell fly on a bench. News, articles, personal pictures, videos & advice on everything related to…1. Hands On Wall Squat. Move Well Before You Move Often. News, articles, personal pictures, videos & advice on everything related to bodybuilding - nutrition… During the assessment, the head trainer instructs the untrained lifter to “do a bodyweight squat” with his feet hip-width apart, toes straight forward, and hands over his head. That’s what it looks like when you’re out angling somebody. Original Content; Movies; Reviews. Load the bar. Yes its a different pose, but if his 'gut' was remotely bad he wouldnt be able to flatten out his midsection so much like in that picture. News, articles, personal pictures, videos & advice on everything related to… Triceps are very fun to train, lots of different variations that you can do to get the results you want. 1. If you want to carry out Schwarzenegger’s workout split as-written, you’ll need a few things: The first (and most important) is time. It’s also a great option for those with shoulder mobility issues. . 23. Believe it or not – there is more to posing on stage than the hard work you do training beforehand. Start by choosing a weight that allows you to get about 35 reps but not much more. . Your muscles don’t grow when you work out but during rest periods, especially when you sleep. After age 30, they begin to gradually decline by. 24/fev/2019 - Exercise Collage encontrou este Pin. #MrOlympia , #Bodybuilding , #bodybuildingupdates ,#mrolympia2023 ,Milos's reaction to seeing Samson + Behrouz. 2. 2. Ectomorphs should aim for the higher end of the range, while mesomorphs should aim near the middle, and endomorphs should aim for the lower end of carbohydrate intake. News, articles, personal pictures, videos & advice on everything related to bodybuilding - nutrition… #MrOlympia , #Bodybuilding , #bodybuildingupdates ,#mrolympia2023 , Milos's reaction to seeing Samson + Behrouz vs Horse vs Nathan + Krizo out angling Regan + Brandon Curry ready to take on Derek , Hadi & Nick Walker @Samson_Dauda @CanalHORSEMD @natho11 @krizoyoutube @BrandonCurryAllAccess Timestamps 0:00 Behrouz 1:06 Horse MD 444 votes, 112 comments. I'm a bot. 99/month. News, articles, personal pictures, videos & advice on everything related to… No gut in sight. . Redirecting to /r/bodybuilding/comments/4jfm0n/bradly_martyn_completely_outangling_himself/d36mt2m/. Here's a step-by-step introduction to the iron game that will get you started on the right foot. Athlean-X. The wider, longer carriage will allow users to execute exercises with a greater range of motion to target every muscle group of the body. . This subreddit provides a mirror of the content posted to /r/undeleteA NEW ANGLING TECHNOLOGY. 3M subscribers in the bodybuilding community. Descend into a moderately deep squat, keeping the your trailing leg straight. $19. This pulls the sacrum open to create more room for. Best Home Gym Overall: Force USA G6 All-In-One Trainer. also focus on your negatives. Lower into a squat by pushing your hips back and down. $18. 9M subscribers in the bodybuilding community. The 45-degree back extension (incline back extension) is an isolation exercise for the back muscles (entire lower back and the muscles along the spine), buttocks, and hamstrings. Redirecting to /r/bodybuilding/comments/761z5n/breon_outangling_flex_lewis/doboomc/. I was at a bodybuilding seminar about ten years back in Seoul, as an interpreter. When autocomplete results are available use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. Use perfect form and don't hold back on the weight. The competitor starts with their feet shoulder-width apart, toes turned out at an angle. I recommend approximately 1. Watch. Pre-Workout; Fat Burners; Testosterone BoostersTo maximize your calf muscle growth potential, you need to achieve maximum effort on your lower leg workouts. First pick after a refeed day second is the morning after weight 211lbs 12 days out from show hoping to tighten everything up currently taking in 1 - 1. The love between the bodybuilding community and a huge, shredded physique never fades. Insert a small portion of . This is your start position. Glutes: extends the hips. I personally felt he had an overly cocky attitude towards cutting and he had vicious deficits and even was said to have used meth (anecdotal from reading). Rest for 90 seconds between sets. Using a weight that limits you to 80-90% of one rep max, with low reps in the 4-10 range. 2. Encontre (e salve!) seus próprios Pins no Pinterest. Bench press with suspended weights. Calves: plantar flexion (straightening the foot) The legs also contain a blend of fast-twitch and slow-twitch fibers. 205 votes, 55 comments. 1st of 8 sets of 3 with 370. 12 (20% off) Embrace the Suck Classic T-Shirt. Once-a-week bodybuilding training may not be the best prescription for muscle growth, but it will certainly do the trick. Standing Calf Raise (optional): 3 sets x 8–10 reps. If your goal is to lose fat, you will probably want to cut this number approximately in half. Quinoa, on the other hand, has a complete amino acid profile. 9M subscribers in the bodybuilding community. Limit any extracurricular physical activity, and rest as much as possible. Pinterest. News, articles, personal pictures, videos & advice on everything related to… "Bodybuilding is about achieving aesthetic perfection, and you can't really fault an individual for attempting to maximize their best features in a photo. Start slow. #crossfit #coach #quads #squat #powerlifting #bodybuilding. 8cm physique debut. . Today. Big forearms while a small overall muscle, can really help a physique in many ways if they are developed enough. Kingmarchil. There's a bunch of npc dude's out there with better potential who don't even got a pro card and then factor in the genetic potential of all the people who never touch a barbell. It's easy to let your mind wander to what your next meal will be—or all the desserts and pasta you can't have for the time being. Front Lat Spread. Nov 19, 2016 - News, articles, personal pictures, videos & advice on everything related to bodybuilding - nutrition, supplementation, training, contest. You can train abs every single day, 10 times a day, but if your diet looks like shit you're never going to see those abs. 1K views, 4 likes, 0 comments, 0 shares, Facebook Reels from Brandon Griffin My first show vs my most recent show - 4 year natural bodybuilding journey (Ottawa Natural Classic 2019 - Fouad Abiad Natural Championships July 2023). Muscle groups should be trained twice or more every week. When you plan a diet to gain muscle weight, it all comes down to the amount of calories you consume. 6 billion views, Athlean-X has become one of the most prominent fitness/bodybuilding YouTube channels ever. New Pro card owner Mary Jo Cooke-Eliott handed out trophies and top figure competitor Jen Thaler opened the show, not in a two piece, but in a long slinky. Redirecting to /r/bodybuilding/comments/eo8w59/offseason_iain_valliere_outangling_the_planet/fedref1/. We won another Olympia 2024 Qualifier today! 🥹 Olympia 2023 up next! 4) Mooky Black. Decline Push-Up: 3 x 15. The love between the bodybuilding community and a huge, shredded physique never fades. 9M subscribers in the bodybuilding community. Lee Priest truly outangling himself #bodybuilding #fitness #gym #fitfam #workout #muscle #health #fit #motivation #abs #fitspoFor guys actually its the same very rarely they will marry a fitness chick usually its gonna be some 6-7/10 girl that goes to gym once or twice a week but is very caring and otherwise. We are your personal trainer, your nutritionist, your supplement expert, your lifting partner, your support group. 296 votes, 37 comments. 2) Complete the self-guided online study materials in your own time from the comfort of home. Standing Raises - heavy poundage - 3 sets of 4 repetitions. It's also fishing on the high seas: "I'm out angling swordfish this morning" If you jump back on gear, even a lowish dose of tren and masteron will help lean your face out as long as you keep test low. Focus on basic, compound movements and straight sets in the 8-10 rep range. . 2. News, articles, personal pictures, videos & advice on everything related to bodybuilding - nutrition…Mike Mew and John Mew are Orthodontists who have a different perspective on how teeth develop malocclusion. Back then there was more of an emphasis on shaping an aesthetic physique with a great v-taper, rather than just building massive muscle. MEN'S PHYSIQUE: The Men's Physique division is actually relatively new. 9M subscribers in the bodybuilding community. Pick one exercise per body part. 63. Redirecting to /r/bodybuilding/comments/42o36x/theres_no_outangling_bradley_martyn_im_57_230lbs/czbszcg/. Professional bodybuilding, immensely popularized by Arnold Schwarzenegger was as its peak during. The best post I read on the subject of sitting posture (which I can now not find) said to imagine that you have a tail. Jacked Factory BURN-XT. . 2 sets, 15 reps (30-45 sec. . The wider, longer carriage will allow users to execute exercises with a greater range of motion to target every muscle group of the body. Mildly active - standing at work, 2-3 workouts a week = 1. Redirecting to /r/bodybuilding/comments/90bnuk/breon_ansley_looking_straight_out_angling_the/e2q9hdc/. . Don't leave it to the last minute. Redirecting to /r/bodybuilding/comments/4rm3em/phil_heath_out_angling_his_own_head/d529saa%20has%20a%20bug/. To start, perform a circuit of four or five different bodyweight movements, aiming for 10 reps per exercise and three rounds of the circuit. Dr Kendall believes that people can prepare for a bodybuilding competition and still be healthy. Redirecting to /r/bodybuilding/comments/4jfm0n/bradly_martyn_completely_outangling_himself/d36i1oi/. Donation goals in regular gameplay just don't make sense, since viewers are not gaining anything from it. We will be doing a pyramid set here that'll consist of 4 sets altogether. 9M subscribers in the bodybuilding community. They are more muscular, diced, probably a little dehydrated, and kind-of golden. That said, there are many choices on the market that are either a bit longer or shorter. 9M subscribers in the bodybuilding community. 9M subscribers in the bodybuilding community. 2. Using Too Heavy Weights. Activity factor is determined like this: Sedentary lifestyle (sitting a lot, no real exercise) = 1. Oatmeal boasts a nutrient profile that just can’t be beaten. 18yo just shy of 8 weeks out diet will start tightening up this is my routine I just made lots of refinement to do. . Generation Iron Fitness & Strength Sports Network. Touch device users, explore by touch or with swipe gestures. Never go past 45 minutes, but always do 2-4 sessions per week. Back and bis day at the gym. 1-1. 8-1. 9M subscribers in the bodybuilding community. Clearly from looking at this picture that Sergio posted a week before Arnold Classic says otherwise. to scheme or plan to get something; to "fish" for something. News, articles, personal pictures, videos & advice on everything related to… 3M subscribers in the bodybuilding community. So here's a picture of the same pose at the 2014. Redirecting to /r/bodybuilding/comments/42o36x/theres_no_outangling_bradley_martyn_im_57_230lbs/czc7hvv/. Another thing you need to consider is the amount of stability that you need for the size of your kayak. 2. News, articles, personal pictures, videos & advice on everything related to bodybuilding - nutrition…64 votes, 33 comments. Guided instruction and guided trips are available upon request. Mr. The Mini has a larger, longer frame than the Micro, giving users far more room for various Lagree moves and bodybuilding-style workouts. There are better moves for high-rep. Normalization of liver function. 3. Of the 4 rules for contest prep training this is the one that gets many bodybuilders in deep waters. 2. 2. Triceps are very fun to train, lots of different variations that you can do to get the results you want. ) Keep these five different types of workouts in mind as you make the decision which will be the best bodybuilding workout program for you. Like dips and chin-ups, this lower back exercise ( erector spinae exercise) uses only your body weight for resistance. Introduction. Kennedy was a great guy. A Breakdown of the Living Legend’s Workout. 4 weeks out of a pro-qualifier… xAminUx 6 DAYS OUT FROM MY 1st SHOW! 66. This mass workout starts with two multijoint movements. Sergio is absolutely out angling the 2020 Mr. 53 votes, 36 comments. Watch. . ago. Imagine angling your Tiger in 1943 while using binoculars. Redirecting to /r/bodybuilding/comments/4pyv9p/roelly_out_angling_the_tnmnt/d4otrdg%20has%20a%20bug/. 4 weeks out of a pro-qualifier… xAminUx 6 DAYS OUT FROM MY 1st SHOW! 66. The vaginal opening and part of the vaginal canal. 4. Charles Latham Gaines, Jr. Fans hail Craig Golias for his bodybuilding gains. A good belt made of sturdy leather will last decades, so don't be afraid to shell out $60-$100 for a good one, especially if you're a powerlifter, bodybuilder, or a general strength enthusiast. 9M subscribers in the bodybuilding community. From elite athletes dropping out of the game due to last-moment injuries to runner-ups. Set up an incline workout bench — on its own or in a power rack — to about 30 or 45 degrees. 9M subscribers in the bodybuilding community. ago. JOIN OUR NEWSLETTER. Jul 18, 2016 - Post with 11854 views. 2K votes, 77 comments. 2. Any exercise where your hip. Pinterest. News, articles, personal pictures, videos & advice on everything related to bodybuilding - nutrition…#MrOlympia , #Bodybuilding , #bodybuildingupdates ,#mrolympia2023 , Milos's reaction to seeing Samson + Behrouz vs Horse vs Nathan + Krizo out angling Regan + Brandon Curry ready to take on Derek , Hadi & Nick Walker @Samson_Dauda @CanalHORSEMD @natho11 @krizoyoutube @BrandonCurryAllAccess444 votes, 112 comments. News, articles, personal pictures, videos & advice on everything related to bodybuilding - nutrition… Luimarco is Loyal !ross bugden soundtrack Arnold only did bodybuilding to further his career in acting. Best All-In-One Home Gym: Force USA. Single-Arm Wall Push-Up: 2 x 8. Per Bernal / M+F Magazine. Redirecting to /r/bodybuilding/comments/4jfm0n/bradly_martyn_completely_outangling_himself/d36eg8j/. 537 votes, 74 comments. ) 6. Water is essential for every function of the body. News, articles, personal pictures, videos & advice on everything related to…3M subscribers in the bodybuilding community. The most popular bodybuilding message boards!Step 1 — Anchor Your Body. " 2,858 likes, 14 comments - adnan. Wednesday: Donkey Raise - heavy poundage - 3 sets of 4 repetitions. 25–30% of calories from protein. News, articles, personal pictures, videos & advice on everything related to bodybuilding - nutrition, supplementation, training, contest preparation, and more. . One of the most essential bodybuilding tips for beginners is to allow your body time to recover. Perform cardio workouts or high-intensity interval training 2-3 days per week. The elevated pushup, a pushup modification, allows you to adjust the intensity of the exercise simply by changing your body position. I won't say there's something seriously wrong with bodybuilding, because that depends on your point of view. 2. . ago. Not anyone but one of the best ev. Also do what the above posters suggested: dumbbell curls and with your left arm, focus on contracting at the top and flex your bicep as you do so. Grab the barbell with both hands and lift it off of the floor. the outing of a secret agent. Rest one minute, then repeat that sequence one more time. Rhoden was no ordinary bodybuilder. #backandbis #curls #vegan. 4.